HVL / TVL

For narrow-beam monoenergetic approximations, attenuation is often expressed in half-value layers (HVL). TVL (tenth-value layer) relates to HVL by TVL ≈ HVL × log₂(10) ≈ 3.32 × HVL when using exponential attenuation.

Real broad-beam sources, scattered radiation, and build-up factors require professional shielding design.

Approx. TVL (mm):

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